野血牦牛复壮家牦牛的效果测定

对l/2野血牦牛和家牦牛的初牛犊牛和6月龄1/4野血犊牛进行了生长发育指标的测定和比较。测定结果表明:1/4野血初生牦犊牛体高、体斜长、胸围和体重比家牦牛初生犊增加1.80cm、3.42cm、2.28cm和1.27kg,分别提高了3.51%、7.33%、4.12%和11.05%。6月龄l/4野血牦牛体高、体斜长、胸围和体重比同龄家牦牛增加4.78cm、5.10cm、6.74cm和7.94kg,分别提高了6.70%、6.90%、7.58%和20.00%(P<0.01)。结果表明,给家牦牛导入野牦牛血可促进牦牛的生长发育。     

犬猫用抗肿瘤药指导原则要点分析

宠物用抗肿瘤药正在成为研发热点,美国FDA于2009年发布了伴侣动物用抗肿瘤药指导原则,EMA发布了犬猫用抗肿瘤药指导原则并于2022年1月28日开始实施。本文采用EMA的框架维度对两个指导原则安全性和有效性评价的关键技术要点进行分析,为研发者提供参考。     

Beneficial impacts of bee pollen in animal production,reproduction and health

Bee pollen (BP) is one of the most useful therapeutic products favoured by natural medicine scientists because of its possible nutritional and medical applications. It exhibits many impacts such as antimicrobial, immunostimulating, antioxidants and hepatoprotective. Furthermore, BP has some useful therapeutic features in numerous pathological situations such as its impact to normalize wound healing. Based on previous literatures, the level of BP supplement in livestock and poultry ranged from 0.1 to 20 g/kg diet. This variation depends on the species, physiological status, age and purpose of addition; so far generally, it accepted to use the level with no side effects. It has been observed that BP enhanced growth performance, immunity responses and blood variables and had hypoglycaemic activity by reducing the lipid in the blood and carcass. Also, BP contains more nutrients, which stimulate faster differentiation and proliferation of the cells of immune system of birds. Therefore, the present review recommends that BP supplementation (up to 20 g/kg diet) had possible beneficial impacts, antioxidants and protective activities on most of the production, productive and health patterns of livestock.     

Digital assessments of soil organic carbon storage using digital maps provided by static and dynamic environmental covariates

Understanding the vertical and lateral distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic carbon density (SOCD) is indispensable for soil use and environmental management because of their vital role in soil quality assessments. Primarily, they are needed in calculating soil organic carbon storage (SOCS). The objective of this research was to provide digital maps of SOC and SOCD variation as well as their uncertainties at multiple standardized depths (H1: 0–5, H2: 5–15, H3: 15–30, H4: 30–60 and H5: 60–100 cm) using a parsimonious model with optimized terrain-related attributes and satellite-derived data. SOCS were evaluated at soil subgroup levels. An area of about 808 km² with varying elevation, plant cover and lithology from the Miandoab region, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran was selected as a case study area. A total of 386 soil samples were collected from 104 profiles comprising various soil genetic horizons. A continuous spline function was then fitted to the target properties in advance of creating a dataset at five standard depth intervals (following the GlobalSoilMap project). These were then grouped into three classes including top (H1), middle (H2, H3 and H4) and bottom (H5) depths to ease interpretation. Static and dynamic covariates (30-m resolution) were derived from a digital elevation model (DEM) and a suite of Landsat-8 spectral imageries, respectively. Four candidate models including stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), random forest (RF), cubist (CU) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) Tree were tested in this study. Finally, the digital maps at 30-m resolution of SOC and SOCD and their uncertainties were prepared using the best-fit model and the bootstrapping method, respectively. Four soil subgroups (Gypsic Haploxerepts, Typic Calcixerepts, Typic Haploxerepts and Xeric Haplocalcids) were identified across the study area. The covariates had variable contributions on the evaluated models. The XGBoost Tree model generally outperformed other models for prediction of SOC and SOCD (R² = 0.60, on average). Regardless of soil subgroups, the uncertainty analysis showed that the SOCD map had a low prediction interval range value indicating high accuracy. Additionally, the highest SOCS and SOCD was observed at the top followed by middle and bottom depths in the study area. All subgroups exhibited a decreasing trend of SOCD with increasing depth. A similar trend was also observed for SOCS. The highest SOCD (on average) was observed in Gypsic Haploxerepts (4.71 kg C/m²) followed by Typic Calcixerepts (4.46 kg C/m²), Typic Haploxerepts (4.45 kg C/m²) and Xeric Haplocalcids (4.40 kg C/m²). Overall, the SOCS normalized by area within soil order boundaries was greater in Inceptisols than Aridisols across the study area. The findings of this study provide critical information for sustainable management of soil resources in the area for agricultural production and environmental health in the Miandoab region of Iran.     

小流域水土流失治理优先度的评价与应用

中国水土流失防治任务仍然繁重,有计划分批次实施水土流失治理是现阶段条件下的必然选择,优先治理小流域识别是其首要解决的一项基础工作,然而目前相关成果较为缺乏,难以支撑小流域水土流失治理智能决策和精准施策。在当前大力推进智慧水土保持背景下,积极探索优先治理小流域识别方法非常迫切,对于科学、合理、高效促进水土流失治理工作具有重要意义。该研究立足于小流域自然禀赋条件,以中国水土流失重点区域——三峡库区秭归县为例,坚持科学性和可操作性相结合原则,以水土流失“减量和降级”双重目标和治理效益最大化需求为导向,综合水土流失面积和土壤侵蚀强度两个维度,提出小流域水土流失治理优先度定义及定量评价方法,为识别优先治理小流域提供科学依据和技术支撑。结果显示,秭归县2021年现状水土保持率为69.12%,远期（2050年）水土保持率为81.74%,总体提升12.62个百分点。秭归县2021年全域土壤侵蚀模数现状为758.50 t/(km²·a),最小可能土壤侵蚀模数为408.71 t/(km²·a),总体下降比例达46%。秭归县大部分区域均具有较大的水土保持率提升潜力和土壤侵蚀控制度,可完全治理和可降级的水土流失地块分布较为广泛,尤其在县域中西部的小流域存在较大的水土流失面积消减和土壤侵蚀强度降级空间。秭归县各小流域水土流失治理优先度的空间分布总体呈现中部高,东部和南部相对较低的分布格局,全县治理优先度大于0.6的小流域占总全县小流域的11.76%。通过典型县应用,该研究提出的小流域治理优先度涵盖了水土流失面积和土壤侵蚀强度两个维度,能更为全面满足小流域水土流失“减量和降级”双重目标和和治理效益最大化需求,直观反映了水土流失面积消减空间和土壤侵蚀强度降级空间的目标和相对大小,对支撑小流域治理决策更加准确、科学,治理优先度评价方法不仅可行,且易操作。     

青海绵羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对青海省8个品种绵羊的红细胞钾型多态性特征进行了调查研究。结果发现,被检的8个品种绵羊均有高钾(HK)和低钾(LK)两种表型而呈现多态性,其中欧拉羊、藏羊、小尾寒羊以HK型为优势表型,新疆细毛羊、青海细毛羊、青海半细毛羊以LK型为优势表型;绵羊的红细胞钾型没有性别差异;红细胞钾型与生产性状指标间没有显著性关系;在被检的15项血液指标中,除WBC,BK值和EK值差异显著(P<0.01)以外,其他血液指标没有型间差异(P>0.05);不同红细胞钾型绵羊的HB型分布非常相似(P>0.05)。     

Harmful winter wheat diseases and possibilities for their integrated control in Latvia

Decision support systems based on control thresholds are an important part of integrated disease control systems in winter wheat. Various warning and forecast systems have been developed in different countries (in Latvia – under the framework of Danish-Baltic joint project ‘Development and Implementation of an Internet-based Decision Support System for Integrated Pest Management’), but results were contradictory. The aim of this investigation was to identify the possibilities for integrated disease control under intensive management of winter wheat. Different schemes of fungicide treatment, including a decision support system, were tested in field trials from 2008 to 2012 in two places. Leaf blotches caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Zymoseptoria tritici are recognised as the most harmful wheat diseases in Latvia. The total impact of diseases, which was calculated as area under disease progress curves, was affected by the year and the scheme of fungicide treatment. Significantly higher yields were obtained in treatments with fungicide application, but differences between control strategies were not significant. The obtained results confirmed that two fungicide applications are not necessary (except certain cases). The results suggest that recommendations should be based on the disease incidence on the third or second leaf of wheat.     

基于改进湍流模型和偏振成像技术的水下退化图像复原方法

为了满足工厂化水产养殖中过程控制的信息化要求,该文提出一种基于改进湍流模型结合偏振成像技术,具有较强鲁棒性的水下退化图像复原方法。考虑内外尺度对波结构函数影响,结合折射率谱,改进水下湍流退化模型以提高复原算法先验知识的完备性;基于改进的退化模型和水下前向散射光的偏振特性,利用偏振成像技术提取退化图像中的噪声特征;基于退化图像噪声特征,采用约束最小二乘滤波法进行退化图像复原;最后,对复原效果进行相应比较,结果表明在强湍流条件下本算法具有更为理想的复原效果。该研究可为复杂水流条件下水下退化图像复原方法研究提供参考。     

利用遗传算法和支持向量机测算农用地理论单产和可实现单产

为了解决传统的采用一元线性回归法计算农用地理论单产和可实现单产的局限性,该文将遗传算法和支持向量回归机理论应用于农用地产能核算,构建理论单产和可实现单产核算模型。通过建立样点分等因素质量分与理论单产的遗传算法支持向量回归机（genetic algorithm-support vector machine,GA-SVM）模型进行理论单产预测;建立样点分等因素质量分和利用系数之积与可实现单产的遗传算法支持向量回归机模型进行可实现单产预测。以广东省揭西县产能核算为例,分别采用GA-SVM模型和一元线性回归模型测算,并将测算结果进行对比分析。研究结果证明,GA-SVM对于理论单产和可实现单产的测算精度更高,适于单个样本值的预测,可以作为农用地产能核算的一种新方法。     

基于改进支持向量机的水电机组多类轴心轨迹智能识别

在水电机组故障诊断系统中,轴心轨迹是判断机组状态的一个重要特征。而水电机组实际运行中轴心轨迹故障样本数量较少,依据其进行故障智能诊断无法准确完成,需结合相应频谱特性才可做出诊断。论文针对此问题,采用改进的支持向量机（support vector machine,SVM）多故障分类算法,建立了多故障轴心轨迹分类器,并应用于水电机组的故障诊断。结果表明,改进的SVM在样本数较少时取得较好的分类效果,样本数为16和50时,分类准确率达到了96.3%和91.2%,;并且在分类数增多时,分类准确率得到提高,而样本数增多时,分类准确率骤减。该故障分类器可实现多故障的识别和诊断,并且具有算法简单和对多故障轴心轨迹图形分类能力强的优点。该研究可为水电机组少样本轴心轨迹故障的智能诊断提供参考。